INTRODUCTION
Tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa) is most beautiful and fragrance flower because of there sweet pleasant fragrance, prettiness and elegance. They are mostly use for bouquets, artistic garland, floral ornament and interior decoration. The world 'polianthes' derived from greek world 'polies' meaning white and 'Anthus' means semi perennial bulbous plant. It is originated from Mexico and spread all over the worlds. It is mostly used for loose and cut flower as well as for oil extraction. In India it is commercially cultivated in West Bengal, Tamilnadu, Karnataka, Kerala, Haryana, Andhra Pradesh, Orissa, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan.
CLIMATE REQUIREMENT
- It is cultivated in wide environment condition from temperate, tropical and subtropical.
- It required a optimum temperature ranging from 21-30°C and height up to 40°C also lowest up to 10°C temperature below 10 °C reduce weight and quality of flower also reduce the spike length.
SOIL REQUIREMENT
- It is cultivated in wide range of soil from sandy loam to clay loam and even light soil.
- The soil having pH range between 6.5-7.5.
- The soil affected by salinity and alkalinity are also suitable with good agronomical practices.
- The soil having good drainage and aeriation are ideal for cultivation.
VARIETIES
- Single-Calcutta Single, Bangalore Single, Phule Rajani, Arka Nirantra, Prajwal, Rajat Rekha, Shringar, Pune Single, Mexican Single. Among them Mexican Single variety produce maximum flower farmer mostly select this cultivar for higher yields.
- Double-Hyderabad Double, Pearl Double, Calcutta Double, Vaibhav, Pearl Double
PROPOGATION
It is propagated through three methods viz Seed, Bulbs and through Micro-propagation
- Seed: Propagation through seed is not mostly prefer, it required a soil temperature of 26-28°C for seed germination, it required heavy soil and deep the seed in 1-2cm.
- Bulbs: It is mostly propagated through bulbs. The bulbs of having diameter of 1.5-3 cm and a weight >25-30 g.
- Micro-propagation: It is carried out through tissue culture.
PLANTATION
- The best time of plantation month varies from March-Sept.
- It required a spacing of 30*30cm, 30*20cm, 20*20cm
- It required a seed rate of 150000-250000 bulbs per hectares depend on spacing or 5000-6000 kg bulbs per hectare.
- Before plantation treat the bulb with systemic fungicide for about 25-30 minutes.
- Plantation of bulbs must be at a deep of 4-8 cm.
- Sequential plantation of bulb at 12-15 days in interval to obtain regular flowering.
IRRIGATION
- After plantation immediately irrigate the plant to provide sufficient moisture, in summer irrigate plant weekly and in winter irrigate at a interval of 8-10 days.
NUTRIENTS REQUIREMENT
- Generally, it required 12 -15 tons FYM per hectare 3 week before plantation.
- It required N:P:K (200:200:150)kg per hectare, apply half dose of Nitrogen as basal dose and remain in 3-4 split dose 45 days after plantation at a interval of 25-30 days.
- Foliar application of ZnSO4(0.5%) + Boric acid(0.1%) + FeSO4(0.2%) to improve growth and flowering.
HARVESTING
- Harvesting should be start three month after plantation.
- Cut the flower having a stem length of 75-100 cm and 1-2 floret are open.
- Immediately after harvesting placed the flower in plastic bucket having 2-3 cm water added with citric acid for improve vase life of flower.
- Placed the flower in shade in wet cotton cloth.
YIELD
Give yield up to 3-4 years.
- Almost 4-8 lack spikes/ha or 5-7 ton loose flowers/ha depend of varieties and good agronomical practices.
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