INTRODUCTION
Pomegranate is an important fruit crop of semi-arid & arid region. It can survival under adverse condition, selection of such crop for a region is important for economic production. It is majorly produce in countries such as Iran, India, China, Turkey and the USA in the world with
74-76% of the total production. India has first position in pomegranate cultivation in the world. In India major producing state are Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Rajasthan etc.
SOIL
- It can grow on a wide range of soil from sandy to sandy loan soil.
- The soil having pH range between 6.5-7.
- whatever, It can grow soil having pH up to 8.5 with good management practices.
- It tolerates salinity up to 6.00 dSm-¹ and sodicity up to 6.78 ESP.
CLIMATE
- It can successfully grow in arid and semi-arid climatic conditions.
- Having a temperature range up to 44°C and during fruit development stage it required a optimum temperature of 35-38°C.
- It can grow 500 m above sea level up to 1850 m are mostly preferred.
PROPOGATION
- Pomegranate is propagated through air layering, stem cutting and by in vitro propagation.
- Among them air layering and hard wood cutting is mostly use for propagation.
PLANTING SYSTEM
- Rectangular or square planting system is mostly follow in pomegranate.
- If soil depth is up to 1m or more pits are not essential and planting can be done in trenches.
TIME OF PLANTING
- It should be done during February-March or July-August depend on irrigation facility.
- Field spray the plant with copper oxychloride(COC) @ 2.5gm/lit before taking the plant to the main field.
SPACING
- Generally 4.5m*3m (740 trees/ha.) is optimum for Bhagwa.
- However, spacing of 5m*4m (500 trees/ha.) and 5m*5m (400 trees/ha) for spreading varieties like Ganesh.
- For hedge row planting with spacing of 4.5m*2m (1110 trees/ha).
VARIETY
|
Sr. No. |
Variety of India |
Characteristics |
|
1 |
Bhagwa |
Fruits are big in size,
glossy red rind, thick rind, bold red arils, sweet and soft seeded. |
|
2 |
Ganesh |
Fruits medium size
with yellow, smooth surface and red tinge, arils soft with pink color, sweet. |
|
3 |
Mridula |
Fruits medium size, smooth
rind, dark red in color, blood red sweet arils with soft seed, dwarf plant |
|
4 |
Ruby |
Soft and red arils
with good flavor, dwarf plant. |
|
5 |
CO-1 |
Fruits are medium size
with attractive rind, soft seed, higher pulp and sweet. |
|
6 |
Jyoti |
Fruits are medium to
large size, having attractive, yellowish red, pink arils, fruits are sweet
and good in test. |
FERTILIZER MANAGEMENT
- Fertilizer should be applied during January, June and September in three split dose apply 40kg FYM, 625g Nitrogen, 250g Phosphorus and 250g Potash per tree of 5 year or above.
WATER MANAGEMENT
- Pomegranate is arid and semi arid plant it does not required much more irrigation.
- Excess irrigation should avoided which may increase nematode and wilt disease.
- Give 25-65 liter water/plant/day depend on age of plant at a interval of 4-6 day.
- Generally Ambe Bahar required irrigation.
MATURITY INDICES
- Pomegranate fruit should be harvested only after attaining proper shape and size.
- Fruit should be ready to harvest in 130-170 day after flowering depend on variety's.
- The fruit give metallic sound when trapping, crown and styler end get curve inside hard, dry and mature.
- The fruit colour change dark yellow and dark red at maturity.
- Mature fruit are easily scratch with thumb nails.
YIELD
- A well care plant give 10-15 kg fruits/ plant in first year and from second year give about 20-25 kg fruits/plant.
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